Antibiotics are powerful medications that fight infections by killing bacteria or preventing them from growing and reproducing. While antibiotics are often given during labor to treat or prevent infections, it’s important to understand the potential risks and long-term effects they can have on both you and your baby. In some cases, antibiotics are necessary, while in others, they are used as a precaution.¹ Having a conversation with your doctor about why antibiotics are needed can help you make informed decisions that prioritize both your health and your baby’s, especially as you begin breastfeeding.

Why Antibiotics Are Given During Labor

• Group B Streptococcus (GBS): GBS is a common type of bacteria found in the gastrointestinal and genital tracts. While it’s usually harmless to adults, it can pose risks to babies if passed during childbirth. If you test positive for GBS (usually done between 34-36 weeks), antibiotics will be administered through an IV during labor to protect your baby.² 
• Preterm Labor: If you go into labor before 37 weeks, an infection could be the cause. Antibiotics may help stop or slow down labor and treat any underlying infection.³ 
• Ruptured Membranes: If your water breaks before your labor begins and birth is delayed for more than 24 hours, you may be at risk for infection. Antibiotics are given to prevent infection for both you and your baby.⁴
• Maternal Health: If you develop a fever during labor, antibiotics may be prescribed as a precaution to prevent any infection from being passed to your baby.⁴ 
• Surgical Birth or Cesarean Birth: Antibiotics are routinely given in the operating room during your cesarean birth other surgical procedures during delivery to prevent infection.⁴ 

Risks of Antibiotics During Labor

While antibiotics are important for treating infections, they can have unintended side effects, especially when taken during or after childbirth.⁵

• Impact on Your Baby’s Microbiome: Antibiotics given during labor can pass through the birth canal or via your skin, potentially affecting your baby’s digestive system and microbiome. This may increase the risk of illnesses, allergies, and other health concerns.^6,7
• Increased Risk of Yeast Infection: Antibiotics can make you more susceptible to vaginal yeast infections and thrush (an overgrowth of yeast) on your nipples. Thrush can cause itchy, burning, painful nipples and often requires additional treatment.⁸
• Resistance & Other Reactions: The overuse and misuse of antibiotics are a public health concern. Antibiotics are associated with allergic reactions, gastrointestinal issues, cardiac arrhythmia, and even severe complications. A major concern is the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, making it more difficult to treat infections in the future.⁹

Ways to Reduce the Risks of Antibiotics

If you need antibiotics during labor, there are steps you can take to reduce potential risks for both you and your baby.

What If I Have Questions?

If you are interested in learning more, these Aeroflow classes expand on some of the topics discussed above:

• Birth & Breastfeeding 1 & 2 
• Ultimate Breastfeeding Prep

Want More Info?

For a directory of Aeroflow’s other Care Guides offering information on pregnancy, baby care, and more, browse our comprehensive list of titles:

References